AN OVERWIEV OF BIO-BASED AND EMULSIFIED BIO-BASED FUEL-BIODIESEL AS A SOURCE OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY

In recent days the energy consumption rate increases all over the world and therefore access to clean, environmentally friendly and sustainable energy becoming one of the important factors for economic development. And shortage of fossil fuels and theirs associated environmental impact during engine combustion remains the main reason for investigating alternative energy sources. With this regard several feedstocks have been analysed and used to produce biofuels for different applications. Different sourced generated feedstocks from biofuels, specifically emulsified biodiesel and related greenhouse gas emissions, impact of bio based fuels combustion to environment compared to fossil fuels to be investigated.

Currently world fossil fuel demand is broadening day by day because of increasing the population of world and in order to meet this demand the new petrochemical-refinery facilities that is related to reconstruction and modernization projects are carried out recently by petrochemical companies. And because of huge usage of fossil based fuels the exhaust gasses increases tremendously. In parallel with this exhaust gases derived from the burning of these fuels such as carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) are basically responsible for the creating the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere, which consequently causes planet global warming. Therefore in these days the significant consideration given to the prosperity and utilization of alternative fuel sources by researchers in order to meet the energy demand as well as improve environmentally friendly fuel production. For instance, one of the main directions for improving the environmental performance of both mineral diesel fuels and their combustion products is also the addition of oxygen-containing additives such as simple alcohols (ethanol, butanol, isopropanol) or methyl (ethyl) fatty acid esters of vegetable oils (biodiesel). The first series of mentioned additives are more preferable, since their production on an industrial scale is already established and does not require the construction of additional production capacities, as required for obtaining biodiesel. However, alcohol- mineral based diesel (biodiesel) mixtures are sensitive to water content, they are less stable; they can decompose easily when the temperature is lowered and require the use of emulsifiers to avoid the above problems. In addition, although bio-based diesels are sensitive to water the use of water is also possible with the selection of appropriate emulsifiers as an oxygen-containing additive to mineral diesel fuels.

World fossil fuel demand is broadening day by day because of increasing the population of world and in order to meet this demand the new petrochemical-refinery facilities that is related to reconstruction and modernization projects are carried out recently by petrochemical companies. And because of huge usage of fossil based fuels the exhaust gasses increases tremendously. In parallel with this exhaust gases derived from the burning of these fuels such as carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) are basically responsible for the creating the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere, which consequently causes planet global warming. Therefore in these days the significant consideration given to the prosperity and utilization of alternative fuel sources by researchers in order to meet the energy demand as well as improve environmentally friendly fuel production. For instance, one of the main directions for improving the environmental performance of both mineral diesel fuels and their combustion products is also the addition of oxygen-containing additives such as simple alcohols (ethanol, butanol, isopropanol) or methyl (ethyl) fatty acid esters of vegetable oils (biodiesel). The first series of mentioned additives are more preferable, since their production on an industrial scale is already established and does not require the construction of additional production capacities, as required for obtaining biodiesel. However, alcohol- mineral based diesel (biodiesel) mixtures are sensitive to water content, they are less stable; they can decompose easily when the temperature is lowered and require the use of emulsifiers to avoid the above problems. In addition, although bio-based diesels are sensitive to water the use of water is also possible with the selection of appropriate emulsifiers as an oxygen-containing additive to mineral diesel fuels.

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