1. INTRODUCTION. Crude oil is depleting fossil resource, and to maintain the production and supply has been a recurrent concern for last period. Tightened environmental restrictions makes it necessary to facilitate the usage of alternative types of raw materials to be used for transportation purposes such as motor fuels, bioethanol and other alcohols. From other perspective usage of fossil derived fuels is decreasing day by day because of crude oil unavailability, unstable world crude and petroleum products prices, and the stringent environmental regulation. Therefore, it requires environmentally friendly raw materials application for producing automotive fuels such as diesel.
Automobile engines provide more than 80% of emissions to the atmosphere whereas if looking to the figures, the share of road transport in the emission of harmful substances is around 60.6%, 33.5% and 32% in USA, UK and France accordingly while the emission level annually by motor vehicles reaches up to 1.7 million tons [1,2]. That is reason of trying towards the improving the composition of motor fuel up to environmental wellness level in terms of relieving exhaust toxicity rates.
Applying different oxygen containing additives such as alcohol and ethers of fatty acids is one of the most effective ways, where the quality parameters of the engine fuels can be improved reasonably. In fact, the presence of oxygen atoms in these types of additives provides a more complete combustion of the fuel, which makes the products combustion environmentally safe. Since these fuels is almost non-depleted raw material base – both mineral (natural gas, coal, oil shale) and organic (potato, beet, vegetable oils and their waste, algae, etc.) it given a special advantage of using these components [2-6]. Because of availability of ethanol production, the use of alcohols as additives in diesel fuels, such as ethanol, is more economically feasible. Based on that, in general there are two main possible ways to use ethanol, either in the form of an emulsion of mineral diesel fuel and watered alcohol (i.e., azeotropic mixture of ethanol and water), or in the form of a mixture of diesel fuel and absolute (anhydrous) alcohol. Applying one of these two….
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